Emacs [1] Org-mode [2] provides the wonderful babel-capability: Including code-blocks in any language directly in org-mode documents in plain text.

In default usage, running such code freezes my emacs until the code is finished, though.

Up to a few weeks ago, I solved this with a custom function, which spawns a new emacs as script runner for the specific code:

; Execute babel source blocks asynchronously by just opening a new emacs.
(defun bab/org-babel-execute-src-block-new-emacs ()
  "Execute the current source block in a separate emacs,
so we do not block the current emacs."
  (interactive)
  (let ((line (line-number-at-pos))
        (file (buffer-file-name)))
    (async-shell-command (concat 
                          "TERM=vt200 emacs -nw --find-file " 
                          file 
                          " --eval '(goto-line "
                          (number-to-string line) 
                          ")' --eval "
     "'(let ((org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil))(org-babel-execute-src-block t))' "
                          "--eval '(kill-emacs 0)'"))))

and its companion for exporting to beamer-latex presentation pdf:

; Export as pdf asynchronously by just opening a new emacs.
(defun bab/org-beamer-export-new-emacs ()
  "Export the current file in a separate emacs,
so we do not block the current emacs."
  (interactive)
  (let ((line (line-number-at-pos))
        (file (buffer-file-name)))
    (async-shell-command (concat 
                          "TERM=vt200 emacs -nw --find-file " 
                          file 
                          " --eval '(goto-line " 
                          (number-to-string line) 
                          ")' --eval "
     "'(let ((org-confirm-babel-evaluate nil))(org-beamer-export-to-pdf))' "
                          "--eval '(kill-emacs 0)'"))))

But for shell-scripts there’s a much simpler alternative:

Instead of spawning an external process, I can just use GNU Parallel [3] for the long-running program-calls in the shell-code. For example like this (real code-block):

#+BEGIN_SRC sh :exports none
  oldPWD=$(pwd)
  cd ~/tm5tools/plotting
  filename="./obsheat-increasing.png" >/dev/null 2>/dev/null
  sem -j -1 ./plotstation.py -c ~/sun-work/ct-production-out-5x7e300m1.0 -C "aircraft" -c ~/sun-work/ct-production-out-5x7e300m1.0no-aircraft -C "continuous"  --obsheat --station allnoaa --title "\"Reducing observation coverage\"" -o ${oldPWD}/${filename}
  cd -
#+END_SRC

Let me explain this.

sem is a part of GNU parallel which makes parallel execution easy. Essentially it gives us a simple version of the convenience we know from make.

for i in {1..100}; do 
    sem -j -1 [code] # run N-1 processes with N as the number of
                     # pocessors in my computer
done

This means that the above org-mode block will finish instantly, but there will be a second process managed by GNU parallel which executes the plotting script.

The big advantage here is that I can also set this to execute on exporting a document which might run hundreds of code-blocks. If I did this with naive multiprocessing, that would spawn 100 processes which overwhelm the memory of my system (yes, I did that…).

sem -j -1 ensures, that this does not happen. Essentially it provides a process-pool with which it executes the code.

If you use this on export, take care to add a final code-block which waits until all other blocks finished:

sem --wait

If you use GNU parallel to run programs, the arguments are interpreted two times: once when you pass them to sem and a second time when sem passes them on. Due to this, you have to add escaped quote-marks for every string which contains whitespace. This can look like the following code (the example above reduced to its essential parts):

sem -j -1 ./plotstation.py --title "\"Reducing observation coverage\""

I stumbled over this a few times, but the convenience of GNU parallel is worth the small extra-caution.

Besides: For easier editing of inline-source-code, set org-src-fontify-natively to true (t), either via M-x customize-variable or by adding the following to your .emacs:

(setq org-src-fontify-natively t)